Chiara Natalie Focacci is completing her doctoral studies in economics at the Universities of Bologna, Hamburg, and Rotterdam. She graduated in economic history from the University of Oxford and recently visited the Center for law and economics at ETH Zurich. She researches active labour market policies and their implications for occupational inactivity and social exclusion. Chiara will conduct both qualitative and quantitative research in WP7 and investigate the evolution of employment through reskilling from the first industrial revolution to today. In the past, she investigated the interplay between production capital and financial capital during the technological revolutions for the BTTR project led by Carlota Perez.